As economic pressures demand that universities graduate more students, physical classroom space has grown increasingly scarce. Mancolleges are experiencing rising enrollments and, consequently, large class sizes are common. Some pressure on classroom space has been
relieved as the technology and infrastructure to put lectures online has matured and been made easier. More courses are being offerentirely online, and some courses have been flipped, placing didactic lectures on the web and using face-to-face time to build concepunderstanding and cognitive skills. Typically this is done using some form of active learning or any number of what Edgerton (2001) termed
pedagogies of engagement,” a concept, that as Smith, Sheppard, Johnson, and Johnson (2005) noted, was prefigured in the foundational
publication, The Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education (Chickering & Gamson, 1987). These pedagogies have mannames: POGIL (process-oriented, guided-inquire learning), peer learning, team based learning (TBL), cooperative learning, and more.