Participants were asked if, as a result of being diagnosed
with diabetes, they ever: i) changed the type or
amount of food, ii) changed the amount of exercise or
participated in physical activities, and iii) stopped drinking
or limited alcohol intake? Those who responded
“yes” were further asked if they continued to maintain
the change “all the time”, “most of the time”, “some
of the time” or “none of the time” for dietary change,
physical activity and alcohol intake. For our analysis,
participants were categorized as not sustaining the
self-management behavior change, if they reported
“none of the time” or “some of the time”. Likewise,
patients were also asked if, as a result of being diagnosed
with diabetes, they ever: i) tried to control or lose weight,
and ii) quit smoking. Patients who responded “yes” were
further asked: are you continuing to maintain this change?
Those who responded “no” were considered as not
sustaining the self-management behavior change.
Regular drinking of alcohol was defined as 14 standard
drinks of alcohol/week for men or 9 standard drinks of
alcohol/week for women