This review demonstrated that from among the various different instruments that have been proposed for assessing e-SQ, it is the E-S-QUAL scale (Parasuraman et al., 2005) that has received the most recognition, since this scale has been to one extent or another successfully replicated and applied in 11 countries and a variety of e-service settings. Collectively, the findings of the studies reviewed reveal important differences in a number of final painstaking dimensions of E-S-QUAL and the number of items used in the scale across different industrial sectors. In addition, this study has raised concerns about some theoretical and empirical problems associated with the re-assessment of E-S
Total Quality Management 1375
QUAL, such as the use of different scores, the scale’s reliability, the convergent validity, the discriminant validity, the predictive/nomological validity and the applicability of the scale to different cultural contexts.