solution leads to the stabilization of the Cu(CN)4
3− over Cu(CN)3
2 − species,
thereby decreasing copper adsorption. The Cu(CN)4
3− species was
detected by Raman spectroscopy under typical industrial conditions.
Factors such as steric hindrance and more negative charges to be neutralized
on the adsorbent surface may minimize the adsorption of the
tetra-coordinated complex.