Most air traffic controllers are employed through the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Controllers employed by the FAA must be U.S. citizens and pass a background investigation and medical examination.
There are three ways to become an air traffic controller with the FAA (www.faa.gov). The first option is to gain military experience as an air traffic controller. The second is to complete an aviation degree at a college or university through the FAA's Air Traffic Collegiate Training Initiative program. The final option is to complete either three years of progressively responsible job experience, a bachelor's degree or a combination of the two. Those who fulfill the requirements of either of the latter two options will also be required to attend the FAA's Air Traffic Control Academy, which takes several weeks or months to complete. Students in this program are reimbursed for living costs.