Monitoring is not an “event” that occurs at the end of a management cycle, but rather is an ongoing process that helps decision-makers to better understand the effectiveness of the action or system. An effective monitoring and evaluation programme requires collecting and analyzing important data on a periodic basis throughout the management cycle of a project. This process often involves collecting baseline data on existing conditions, reporting on progress toward environmental/sustainability improvements, making connections between actions and intended outcomes, and making mid-course changes in program design.