Wave and Light
- Light travels in straight lines
- Law of Reflection; The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
- Real images are formed where light rays cross after reflection by a mirror or
refraction by a lens. Virtual images are formed where light rays only appear
to come from.
Electricity and Magnetism
- Magnetic Field is an area where the force exists; area where force is felt
- If magnetic field lines close together stronger field and it is strongest at
the poles
- Electromagnet is a magnet with a field produced by an electric current, a
moving charge (electricity) produces a magnetic field.
- Electric Fields is a force field that fills the space around electrical charges,
strength of field (magnitude) = distance between two charges, closer
particles = stronger field.
- Series Circuit: the current has only one loop to flow through, if the circuit is
broken the entire flow of current stops.
- Parallel Circuit: contains two or more branches for current to move through,
break in circuit does not affect other bulbs.
- Resistance is the opposition to the flow of an electric current, producing heat,
measured in unit called ohm.
Motion and Forces
- Motion is a change in position of a body. Speed is the rate at which a body
changes position.
- Average speed is the ratio of distance traveled to time and describes motion,
even if speed varies.
- Force is a push or pull that causes an object to move, stop, or change
direction.
Velocity and Acceleration
- Velocity describes the speed and direction of a moving body.
- Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity.
Connecting Motion with Forces
- A force is a push or a pull one body exerts on another. Balanced forces acting
on a body do not change the motion of the body. Unbalanced forces result in
a net force, which always changes the motion of a body.
- Newton’s first law says an object’s motion will not change unless a net force
acts on it.Gravity – A familiar Force
- The gravitational force between two objects depends on their ma