referred as animals, in a designated water body. The water needs to
be treated whenever toxicants in it have built up beyond animal’s
safe level. Toxicants such as ammonia and nitrite are derived from
decomposition of unconsumed feed and metabolites or waste of
the animals. Hydroponics is the culture of aquatic plants in soilless
water where nutrients for plant’s growth come entirely from a
formulated fertilizer. Aquaponics (a portmanteau of the terms
aquaculture and hydroponics) integrates aquaculture and hydroponics
into a common closed-loop eco-culture where a symbiotic
relationship is created in which water and nutrients are recirculated
and reused, concomitantly fully utilized and conserved. In