CARTIM’s congestion minimizing heuristic, employed in scenarios 4 and 5, causes a slight increase in the rate of message loss in comparison with scenario 3. This occurs
because the route changes enabled by the heuristic cause the network topology to vary more often. Table V also shows that
in scenario 5 vehicles retransmit a large number of messages relative to vehicles in scenarios 3 and 4. This was due to the
presence of infrastructure units in scenario 5, which capture and retransmit CTA messages.