Grape wine lees (GWL) is the sediment in the bottom of the barrel, about 100 g kg1 of GWL can be obtained from the processing of grape wine. It contains yeast lees and grape stalks, grape pomace, grape peel and grape seed, so it is considered as a wasteproduct It has been shown that the extract form grape peel could inhibit the oxidation of human LDL and moderate atherosclerosis demonstrated that GWL exhibited strong antioxidant activity due to its high phenolic contents, and proanthocyanidines in grape seed
also had strong antioxidant ability. found that the microbes in human intestine could
decompose 950 g kg1 total phenolic compounds, 300 g kg1 fiber and 600–700 g kg1 proteins in the GWL. The beneficial fermentation product, short-chain fatty acid, indicated that GWL could be utilized by the microbes in human intestine