It is generally recognized that drag and lift forces have to be considered as contributing to the propulsion of swimmers. To emphasize lift and minimize drag as quoted above is nonsensical. Swimmers should maximize forces that produce propulsion. Sprigings and Koehler (1990, p. 242) proposed an explanation employing Newton's Second and Third Laws to account for drag and lift forces in swimming. As a swimmer pushes backward the fluid under the hand is slowed by the angle of the hand (angle of attack) and frictional forces. When the angle is acute, the slowing is small producing small lift and drag forces. When the angle is larger, the slowing increases, as does the reaction force. The reaction force can be broken down into lift and drag components. The slowing of the fluid in this manner is also embellished by frictional drag from the surface of the hand and forearm as well as form drag caused by the size of the hand and forearm as it moves through the water. Wood (1977) explained this phenomenon as follows