Sea cucumbers can adapt to the extremely cruel living environment of the sea. They have proven their ability to evade invasion by virulent organisms. During evolution, it is possible that bacterial challenge induced higher production of coelomycetes, which resulted in increased synthesis and release of immune factor into the coelomic fluid. This is also true for the other vulnerable holothuroid groups, which have faced similar evolutionary challenges. To summarize, we showed that the immune molecules from holothuroids are structurally and functionally similar to those of vertebrates, as are their immunological defense reactions. As the major holothuroid virulence factors, immune molecules represent, potentially useful targets for anti-bacterial and antiviral applications in fisheries, which would be of great economic significance. Ultimately, understanding the immune molecules of holothuroid species will allow for the potential development of new anti-bacterial and antiviral treatments