The word ‘research’ has multiple meanings and its precise definition varies from discipline
to discipline and expert to expert. Across disciplines and experts, however, there
seems to be agreement with respect to the functions it performs, that is, to find answers
to your research questions. You can use any of the research methods/approaches to
achieve this objective. These methods range from the fairly informal, based upon clinical
impressions, to the strictly scientific, adhering to the conventional expectations of scientific
procedures. Research means using one of these methods to find answers to your
questions. However, when you say that you are undertaking a research study to find
answers to a question, you are implying that the process being applied:
Your philosophical orientation may stem from one of the several paradigms and approaches
in research – positivist, interpretive, phenomenology, action or participatory, feminist, qualitative,
quantitative, mixed methods – and the academic discipline in which you have been
trained. The concept of ‘validity’ can be applied to any aspect of the research process. It
ensures that in a research study correct procedures have been applied to find answers to a
question. ‘Reliability’ refers to the quality of a measurement procedure that provides repeatability
and accuracy. ‘Unbiased and objective’ means that you have taken each step in an
unbiased manner and drawn each conclusion to the best of your ability and without introducing
your own vested interest. The author makes a distinction between bias and subjectivity.
Subjectivity is an integral part of your way of thinking that is ‘conditioned’ by your educational
background, academic discipline, philosophy, experience and skills. For example, a
psychologist may look at a piece of information differently than an anthropologist or a historian.
The word ‘research’ has multiple meanings and its precise definition varies from disciplineto discipline and expert to expert. Across disciplines and experts, however, thereseems to be agreement with respect to the functions it performs, that is, to find answersto your research questions. You can use any of the research methods/approaches toachieve this objective. These methods range from the fairly informal, based upon clinicalimpressions, to the strictly scientific, adhering to the conventional expectations of scientificprocedures. Research means using one of these methods to find answers to yourquestions. However, when you say that you are undertaking a research study to findanswers to a question, you are implying that the process being applied:Your philosophical orientation may stem from one of the several paradigms and approachesin research – positivist, interpretive, phenomenology, action or participatory, feminist, qualitative,quantitative, mixed methods – and the academic discipline in which you have beentrained. The concept of ‘validity’ can be applied to any aspect of the research process. Itensures that in a research study correct procedures have been applied to find answers to aquestion. ‘Reliability’ refers to the quality of a measurement procedure that provides repeatabilityand accuracy. ‘Unbiased and objective’ means that you have taken each step in anunbiased manner and drawn each conclusion to the best of your ability and without introducingyour own vested interest. The author makes a distinction between bias and subjectivity.Subjectivity is an integral part of your way of thinking that is ‘conditioned’ by your educationalbackground, academic discipline, philosophy, experience and skills. For example, apsychologist may look at a piece of information differently than an anthropologist or a historian.
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