With participant recall or active registration of falls by the participant themselves through a falls calendar or diary, we assessed the risk of bias for blinding as high in eight studies (80%) and as unclear in two studies (20%) (Figure 3). In the latter two studies (Sato 2005a; Sato 2011), falls were recorded by nursing staff filling out standardised fall protocols for institutionalised or hospitalised people after stroke, but nurses recording falls would also be dispensing medication.