Most of the contaminants in the aquatic
environments exert their effects via genotoxic and metabolically
toxic mechanisms simultaneously causing genotoxic damage/disease
syndrome or carcinogenesis (Kurelec, 1993; Konen and Cavas,
2008). Thus, current awareness of the potential hazards of pollutants
in the aquatic environment has stimulated much interest in
the use of aquatic organisms as indicators for the monitoring of
environmental genotoxicity