Thirty eight clinical A. fumigatus isolates cultivated from 31 patients at National Cheng Kung University Hospital located in southern Taiwan and National Taiwan University Hospital located in northern Taiwan during 2011-2014 were studied, retrospectively. The strain identification was based on the morphological characteristics and the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region, B-tubulin and the calmodulin gene, as previously described. clinical data of patients with isolation of non-wild-type A. fumigatus were reviewed.