The trait-factor approach is concerned with the total development of the
individual across life stages and environments. Its short-term goal is to help
the client stop irrational, nonproductive thinking and behaving and start using
rational problem-solving skills for effective decision making (Lynch & Maki,
1981). The counselor-client relationship can be described as teaching,
mentoring, and influencing. External measures that allow the individual to gauge
personal development against society are used. The long-term goal of the
counseling relationship is to provide the client with decision-making skills
formulated jointly by the client and society. Counseling is a way station on the
road to full development.