As the data keeps getting bigger, deep learning is coming to
play a key role in providing big data predictive analytics solutions.
In [12], a brief overview of deep learning was provided, and
highlight current research efforts and the challenges to big data, as
well as the future trends. Applications involving large-scale dictionary
learning tasks motivate well online optimization algorithms
for generally non-convex and non-smooth problems. In this
big data context, the authors in [13] developed an online learning
framework by jointly leveraging the stochastic approximation
paradigm with first-order acceleration schemes. As a consequence,
authors in [14] proposed a new model for large-scale adaptive
service composition, which integrated the knowledge of reinforcement
learning aiming at the problem of adaptability in a highly
dynamic environment and game theory used to coordinate agents'
behavior for a common task. In particular, a multi-agent Q-learning
algorithm for service composition based on this model was
also proposed. Authors in [15] presented a learning automatabased
adaptive uniform fractional guard channel algorithm, and
authors in [16] concentrated on the reinforcement learning technique
application to the agent state occurrence frequency with
analysis of knowledge sharing on the agent's learning process in
multi-agent environments, and [17] applied reinforcement learning
to large state spaces.