In late 2002, following critical interpretations of the NRC reports, President George W. Bush announced that PNGV be terminated and thta research be transferred from the Department of Commerce to the Department of Emergy in a mew Freedom Cooperative Automotive Research Program (Freedom CAR) with a focus on fuel cells (U.S. Departmet of Emergy, December 2002) (fuel cells were already a significant part of PNGV). This meant a move from high mileage automotive technologies with a short-term payoff to a program which uses hydrogen as a fuel and will take years, or even decades, to bring to market.