This chapter presents a brief discussion of the impact of additives on the surface treatment of materials. We will discuss important additives and the properties and characteristics that they impart to surfaces of materials (thermoplastics, thermosets, and elastomers) in which they are compounded. Generally speaking it is possible to argue that “all” materials can be compounded with additives. In practice plastics and elastomers are the only hosts to additives, with rare exceptions. An example is the incorporation of polytetrafluoroethylene particles into the Ni–P matrix to combine the different properties of Ni–P alloys and PTFE. The resultant yields unique properties when formed into coatings by electroless (www.electro-coatings.com/electroless-nickel-plating.php) processing, such as non-stick, higher dry lubricity, lower friction, good wear, and good corrosion resistance and resistance to fouling