Triandis (1993) developed a culturally contingent leadership model for crosscultural
analysis. Triandis (1989) had conducted previous work specifically on the study
of self-concepts and social behavior in different cultural contexts. Triandis found that
people have three explicit/or implicit aspects of their self. He categorized them as the
private self, the public self and the collective self. Triandis illustrated that the variations
of an individual's self-concept were based on "different cultures, depending on the
complexity, level of individualism, and looseness of the culture" (p. 517). He found "the
more complex, individualistic, and loose the culture, the more likely it is that people will
sample the private self and less likely it is that they will sample the collective self' (p.
517). Triandis found the opposite in collective cultures "when people sample the
collective self, they are more likely to be influenced by the norms, role definitions, and
values of the particular collective" (p. 517). In summary, Triandis's research
demonstrated that when people are