2.3.2.3. The Courts of First Instance
The Courts of First Instance are the trial courts. There are three types of Courts of First Instance: general courts, juvenile and family courts, and specialized courts. General courts have jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases, and are divided into Civil Courts, Criminal Courts, Provincial Courts and Kwaeng Courts. The juvenile and family courts hear and adjudicate cases involving a minor, and consist of the Central Juvenile and Family Court, the Provincial Juvenile and Family Courts, and the Division of Juvenile and Family Court in the Provincial Courts. The specialized courts consist of the Labour Court, the Tax Court, the Intellectual Property and International Trade Court, and the Bankruptcy Court. Juries are not used in trials.
2.3.3. The Administrative Courts
The Administrative Courts have jurisdiction to try and adjudicate cases between (i) a government entity or official and (ii) a private individual or another government entity or official. Such cases must be a consequence of the exercise of an administrative power under the law or a consequence of a pursuit of an administrative act by a government entity or official. Administrative Courts do not have jurisdiction over the direct exercise by a constitutional organ of powers granted to it under the Constitution. The Administrative Courts have an independent secretariat with autonomy in personnel administration, budgeting and other activities.
2.3.4. The Military Courts
The Military Courts have jurisdiction to try and adjudicate criminal cases against persons subject to the jurisdiction of the Military Courts.
2.4. Constitutional Organs
The Constitution provides for the following independent constitutional organs:
(1) the Election Commission;
(2) the Ombudsmen;
(3) the National Counter Corruption Commission; and
(4) the State Audit Commission.
The Constitution also provides for the following additional constitutional organs:
(1) Public Prosecutors;
(2) the National Human Rights Commission; and
(3) the National Economic and Social Council.
Constitutional organs have autonomy in personnel, budgeting and other activities as provided by applicable law.