The procedure for the D. magna in situ bioassays was briefly as
follows. Juveniles were transported to field sites in groups of 10
in 175 glass jars filled with American Society for Testing Materials
(ASTM) hard water (Mc William and Baird, 2002b). All field sites
were less than 100 km drive from the lab. At each site 5–7 chambers,
each containing 10 individuals, and 4 chambers containing 20
individuals, were placed inside a 13-mm2 wire-mesh cylinder that
was positioned in the stream perpendicular to flow. In each deployment,
a lab manipulation control treatment in which the animals
were transported to the studied sites in the beginning and in the
end of the test in closed 500 ml jars and then back to lab, but never
exposed to the field conditions, was also included
The procedure for the D. magna in situ bioassays was briefly as
follows. Juveniles were transported to field sites in groups of 10
in 175 glass jars filled with American Society for Testing Materials
(ASTM) hard water (Mc William and Baird, 2002b). All field sites
were less than 100 km drive from the lab. At each site 5–7 chambers,
each containing 10 individuals, and 4 chambers containing 20
individuals, were placed inside a 13-mm2 wire-mesh cylinder that
was positioned in the stream perpendicular to flow. In each deployment,
a lab manipulation control treatment in which the animals
were transported to the studied sites in the beginning and in the
end of the test in closed 500 ml jars and then back to lab, but never
exposed to the field conditions, was also included
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