Longitudinal studies of multiple organizations would be very desirable to gauge recovery from scandal, or retrospectively, antecedents of ethical slips to determine if immediate supervisors are the first line of defense against ethical breaches. Though their sample of supervisors was small (1.6% of the total sample) and authoritative statistical analyses could not be conducted, Velthouse and Kandogan (2007) found that first line supervisors accorded ethical issues less importance than did middle managers and executives. Their results, taken together with ours indicating that employees of a scandal-ridden agency rated their immediate supervisors as more ethical, suggest a potentially troubling disconnect in the ethical links within organizations.