Specifically we probed how they checked call logs, if they stored contacts on their phones and how they interacted with SMS. We used note taking by the experimenter in-situ and a video camera that recorded the participant’s actions on the mobile phone and the discussions we had with them. We started the usability test by demonstrating the application, the content of which was entirely in French. We demonstrated navigating through the different screens to check for new messages, listen to a new message and reply to a message by double tapping on icons and re-using existing words from previous messages. Before having them listen to the meaning of selected icons, we asked them what their meaning might be. When they could not infer the meaning of an icon we used for a particular phrase we asked them to sketch or to explain us how they would represent this idea visually. We then demonstrated how the audio counterpart of an icon was invoked by tapping on it. After this demonstration we asked our participants to repeat the same actions and encouraged them to take the phone to scroll, tap and double tap to get familiar with the touch screen UI. This watch and repeat approach was supposed to emulate their learning strategy when confronted with new technology with a literate helper, as mentioned in study 1. Throughout the session we tried using simple, non-technical language for all explanations.