Ambulance speeds were calculated from randomly chosen logs (at least 12 per subgroup), considering the distances
using only routes permitted by traffic regulations. Travel
speeds were calculated using the actual travel times as taken
from the logbook and the distance as calculated by the GIS
(which is very precise and takes into account one-way
streets, and so on). When significant speed differences were
observed in specific subregions, they were applied in the
analysis.