increased until the bed was freely bubbling.The curve obtained under
a decreasing gas flow was used to obtain Umf, and the ascending curve
was used to observe the hysteresis predicted by Jackson's model [28]
which can be attributed to wall effects.
To measure the minimum fluidization velocity, the procedure
described by Kathuria and Saxena [32] was employed. First, the
pressure drop between the plenum and the outlet of the bed was
measured at different superficial gas velocities to obtain the
characteristic curve of the empty system, as described in the previous
section. Next, the bed was filled with bed material, and the pressure
was measured at different superficial gas velocities. In this way, the
curve ΔP−U was obtained by subtracting the pressure drop of the
empty system from the pressure drop of the filled bed, according to
Eq. (1),
increased until the bed was freely bubbling.The curve obtained undera decreasing gas flow was used to obtain Umf, and the ascending curvewas used to observe the hysteresis predicted by Jackson's model [28]which can be attributed to wall effects.To measure the minimum fluidization velocity, the proceduredescribed by Kathuria and Saxena [32] was employed. First, thepressure drop between the plenum and the outlet of the bed wasmeasured at different superficial gas velocities to obtain thecharacteristic curve of the empty system, as described in the previoussection. Next, the bed was filled with bed material, and the pressurewas measured at different superficial gas velocities. In this way, thecurve ΔP−U was obtained by subtracting the pressure drop of theempty system from the pressure drop of the filled bed, according toEq. (1),
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