Ask students to identify the muddiest points in a homework assignment or an out-of-class reading and to turn in their responses at the next class meeting. For example, ask them to list the three muddiest points in a chapter or a case that they have been assigned to read. Ask students to read each other's drafts of writing assignments and to point out the muddiest points in those drafts When students are familiar with the material and are relatively articulate, ask them to indicate the muddiest point and then to explain briefly what it was about that point that they found"muddy. At each class meeting, ask a few different students to categorize and summarize the data and to present the results and perhaps even their responses at the beginning of the next class. Use other CATs(such as Directed Paraphrasing, Memory Matrix, or Concept Maps) to check later on how much clearer the most critical muddy points have become since you responded to them Let students know that some of your exam questions will concern the muddy points that you have responded to in class.