Frequency, nocturia, and SUI are common urinary problems
during pregnancy. Viktrup [15] reported that frequency
and nocturia did not significantly increase in the five years
after the first delivery. Persistent SUI and urgency urinary
incontinence three months after delivery are risk factors
for long-lasting problems. Pelvic muscle training has been
shown to improve SUI, frequency, and urgency, and therefore
antepartum pelvic muscle training is important to prevent
postpartum urinary symptoms [16–18].
Our finding that multiparous women experienced more
SUI than nulliparouswomen is similar to previous studies [6–
8]. Panayi and Khullar reported that approximately 20% of
multiparous women with SUI during the first trimester had
levator ani muscle defects on magnetic resonance imaging
compared to nulliparous women [19]. Previous pelvic floor
trauma after vaginal delivery resulting in poor support for the
urethra may explain why multiparous women have a higher
prevalence of SUI [20]. In addition, other studies [2, 21] have
reported that the course of pregnancy also plays an important