These data suggest that outer membrane impermeability is not responsible for the lack of activity.
Inactivation by chemical modification is another possible mechanism for the lack of activity of compound 1 against Gram-negative bacteria, and further work will be required to investigate this possibility. Compound 1 inhibited the ATP-depended MurE ligase from M. tuberculosis, a cytoplasmic enzyme that participates in the biosynthesis of cell wall peptidoglycan [24]. The key enzymes of the cell wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway are essential for the survival of many bacterial pathogens[29] and the reisrenewedinterest inthesearchfornoveltherapeutictargetsfortacklingexistingdrug resistance [30,31]. Compound 1 also had some ability to impede efflux. The low accumulation of 14C-enoxacin by SA-1199B in the absence of inhibitors was expected and is the result of overexpression of NorA in this strain (Fig. 3). Compound 1 at 50M significantly increased enoxacin accumulation and this concentration was as effective, or perhapsevenmoreeffective,than33Mreserpine.Increasedaccumulation of enoxacin is consistent with interference with NorA. As such, it is clear that compound 1 is a NorA inhibitor. Use of con- centrations that surpassed the MIC of compound 1 for SA-1199B was not problematic based on time–kill assays, which revealed no effect of compound 1 at 50M on the viability of SA-1199B over 60min. The pharmacophore of compound 1 may provide a starting point towards the development of a more effective inhibitor, and its weak cytotoxic activity towards cancer and mammalian cell lines suggests that this class of compound may have potential in a topical formulation or, if antibacterial activity in the presence of blood can be enhanced through iterative chemistry, as a lead in the development of a new class of systemic antibiotics. Compounds that are antibacterial and can inhibit efflux processes of bacteria could have potential to treat infections due to multidrug-resistant strains.
Funding:TheHeptagonFundandUnionLifeSciencesfundedthis work. Competing interests: None declared. Ethical approval: Not required.
ข้อมูลเหล่านี้แนะนำว่า impermeability เมมเบรนนอกไม่รับผิดชอบการขาดกิจกรรม Inactivation by chemical modification is another possible mechanism for the lack of activity of compound 1 against Gram-negative bacteria, and further work will be required to investigate this possibility. Compound 1 inhibited the ATP-depended MurE ligase from M. tuberculosis, a cytoplasmic enzyme that participates in the biosynthesis of cell wall peptidoglycan [24]. The key enzymes of the cell wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway are essential for the survival of many bacterial pathogens[29] and the reisrenewedinterest inthesearchfornoveltherapeutictargetsfortacklingexistingdrug resistance [30,31]. Compound 1 also had some ability to impede efflux. The low accumulation of 14C-enoxacin by SA-1199B in the absence of inhibitors was expected and is the result of overexpression of NorA in this strain (Fig. 3). Compound 1 at 50M significantly increased enoxacin accumulation and this concentration was as effective, or perhapsevenmoreeffective,than33Mreserpine.Increasedaccumulation of enoxacin is consistent with interference with NorA. As such, it is clear that compound 1 is a NorA inhibitor. Use of con- centrations that surpassed the MIC of compound 1 for SA-1199B was not problematic based on time–kill assays, which revealed no effect of compound 1 at 50M on the viability of SA-1199B over 60min. The pharmacophore of compound 1 may provide a starting point towards the development of a more effective inhibitor, and its weak cytotoxic activity towards cancer and mammalian cell lines suggests that this class of compound may have potential in a topical formulation or, if antibacterial activity in the presence of blood can be enhanced through iterative chemistry, as a lead in the development of a new class of systemic antibiotics. Compounds that are antibacterial and can inhibit efflux processes of bacteria could have potential to treat infections due to multidrug-resistant strains.เงินทุน: TheHeptagonFundandUnionLifeSciencesfundedthis ทำงาน สถานที่แข่งขัน: ไม่มีประกาศ อนุมัติจริยธรรม: ไม่จำเป็นต้อง
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