The Seebeck eect, aside from Peltier and Thompson eect, is one of three thermolectric phe-
nomenon. Seebeck eect is rstly discovered in 1821 by Thomas Seebeck while investigating
thesrmal eect on galvanic arrangement. Seebeck accidentally connected parts of bismuth
and copper which induced a thermoelectric emf that disturbed a compass nearby. Seebeck