Models that are driven and owned by small-scale producers – like Cuatro Pinos in Guatemala – allow producers to
market collectively despite widely differing farm assets. Various specific arrangements include clustering around lead
farmers, whereby financially independent growers create market opportunities for small-scale farmers. Producer-driven
models have had a mixed record of performance in provision of economic benefits to the producers, but collective action
remains an important strategy for increased small farmer participation in emerging modern markets. Steps to improve the
effectiveness of producer organizations in business-oriented services provision are critical.