1. Introduction
Rice is a staple food consumed by over half of the world’s population [1]. Rice grains usually have hard husks covering the grain. Rice used for consumption requires milling to separate rice husks from rice grain. The product is brown rice with rice germ and seed coat (bran) [2]. In addition to being a source of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals, rice is also abundant with plant nutrients for the human body [3] and [4]. Previous studies have reported rice as an abundant source of substances with biological effects, including γ-oryzanol, tocopherol, tocotrienol, phenolic compounds, phytic acid and phytosterol, etc., which have significant roles in promoting health and preventing a number of diseases while also promoting antioxidant activities [5]-[11]. It is commonly known that rice with black and red pigments tend to have better antioxidant capacity than rice with white pigment [12] and [13].
Heat-related stress is a significant problem for animals, especially in areas of the world with hot climates, because heat-related stress has impacts on animal growth rates, immunity and high mortality rates [14] and [15]. When the temperature is higher than 30°C, heat-related stress tends to manifest itself [16], causing biochemical and physiological activities related to increased oxidants in the oxygen group, which may prevent electrons from being transported via cell membranes [17] and may be a factor causing molecular changes encountered in DNA, protein, fat and other biomolecules [18]. Animals and humans undergo biochemical and physiological adaptations caused by heat-related stress in order to restore cell functions to normal [17]. Many studies have indicated that exposure to heat may cause animals and humans to experience oxidation stress [19] and [20]. Previous studies have reported phenolic substances to influence oxidation stress prevention [20] and [21] with key factors in preventing oxidation stress by oxidants in the oxygen group being enzymatic antioxidant systems including glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase [22]. At this point, relationships between polyphenols from brown rice and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) have not been reported. The findings of this study will become basic data in using naturally encountered antioxidants with capacity to reduce heat-related stress. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to select rice formulas accepted by consumers, examine total γ-oryzanol, α-tocopherol and total phenolic substance levels from the aforementioned rice formulas and study the antioxidant activities of rice formulas accepted by consumers In Vitro. The findings of the aforementioned study will become basic knowledge for producing healthy foods for humans as the world’s weather grows warmer.
1. บทนำข้าวเป็นอาหารหลักที่ใช้ โดยมากกว่าครึ่งหนึ่งของประชากรโลก [1] ข้าวมักจะแพ้ง่ายยากที่ครอบคลุมของเมล็ดข้าว ข้าวที่ใช้สำหรับปริมาณการใช้ต้องใช้สีเพื่อแยกข้าวแพ้ง่ายจากเมล็ดข้าว ผลิตภัณฑ์คือ ข้าว มีจมูกข้าวและหุ้มเมล็ด (รำ) [2] นอกจากจะเป็นแหล่งของโปรตีน คาร์โบไฮเดรต วิตามิน และแร่ธาตุ ข้าวเป็นยังอุดม ด้วยสารอาหารพืชร่างกายมนุษย์ [3] และ [4] การศึกษาก่อนหน้านี้มีรายงานข้าวเป็นแหล่งอุดมสมบูรณ์ของสารที่มีลักษณะพิเศษทางชีวภาพ รวมγ-oryzanol, tocopherol, tocotrienol ม่อฮ่อม ไฟเตต และ phytosterol ฯลฯ ซึ่งมีบทบาทสำคัญในการส่งเสริมสุขภาพ และป้องกันโรคจำนวนหนึ่งในขณะที่ยัง ส่งเสริมกิจกรรมการต้านอนุมูลอิสระ [5] - [11] มันจะรู้จักกันได้ทั่วไปข้าวนั้น มีสีดำ และสีแดงที่มักจะ มีกำลังการผลิตสารต้านอนุมูลอิสระดีกว่าข้าวขาวเม็ด [12] [13]Heat-related stress is a significant problem for animals, especially in areas of the world with hot climates, because heat-related stress has impacts on animal growth rates, immunity and high mortality rates [14] and [15]. When the temperature is higher than 30°C, heat-related stress tends to manifest itself [16], causing biochemical and physiological activities related to increased oxidants in the oxygen group, which may prevent electrons from being transported via cell membranes [17] and may be a factor causing molecular changes encountered in DNA, protein, fat and other biomolecules [18]. Animals and humans undergo biochemical and physiological adaptations caused by heat-related stress in order to restore cell functions to normal [17]. Many studies have indicated that exposure to heat may cause animals and humans to experience oxidation stress [19] and [20]. Previous studies have reported phenolic substances to influence oxidation stress prevention [20] and [21] with key factors in preventing oxidation stress by oxidants in the oxygen group being enzymatic antioxidant systems including glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase [22]. At this point, relationships between polyphenols from brown rice and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) have not been reported. The findings of this study will become basic data in using naturally encountered antioxidants with capacity to reduce heat-related stress. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to select rice formulas accepted by consumers, examine total γ-oryzanol, α-tocopherol and total phenolic substance levels from the aforementioned rice formulas and study the antioxidant activities of rice formulas accepted by consumers In Vitro. The findings of the aforementioned study will become basic knowledge for producing healthy foods for humans as the world’s weather grows warmer.
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