• limb volume, by Perometry, an infrared measuring
device (Lee et al. 2011);
• shoulder extension and abduction, using goniometry
(Jeffs and Wiseman 2013; Valentine and Lewis
2006);
• quality of life using LYMQOL, a lymphoedemaspecific
arm questionnaire (Keeley et al. 2010);
• self-report arm and hand function, using Quick-
DASH (Kennedy et al. 2013).