Firstly, the efficiency of justice, as well as the respect of certain fundamental rights, may in some cases appear as irreconcilable with transparency. Consequently, the ECHR admits that certain information may be held secret during investigations. For instance, the French law providing that access to the investigation file is restricted to lawyers in order to preserve the secrecy of the investigation does not violate the right to a fair trial (Case of Menet v. France 2005). In other cases, the ECHR rules that information should not be released, in order to guarantee individual rights such as presumption of innocence and the rights of defence. Article 6-2 of the European Convention on Human Rights states: “Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law”. The ECHR has held that this principle encompasses the right not to be publicly presented as convicted by public authorities before the final judgement (see for instance the case of Urfi Centikaya v. Turkey 2013).