3. Of course this bypasses the traditional view of knowledge as true justified belief. But,
because of the emphasis on subjectivity, constructivists exempt themselves from not only
intellectual tradition, but also from formalized rules or systems of logic, e.g. Aristotle’s logic,
deontic logic, modal logic, etc. These formal systems do not even need to be given prima facie
consideration, because they presuppose an a priori system that stands apart from the knower.
4. One can see an educational symptom of the subjective turn in what is expected of
students in their writing. First person writing has recently been replacing third person
writing as a normative academic standard.