All of these observations reinforce the finding that the VFB operating at 0 C had a poorer capacity. In the Al-Fetlawi and coworkers’ research [18] on the mathematic modeling of a 100 mm 100 mm VFB single that charging and discharging at different environment temperatures of 30, 45, 60 C. The simulation results showed that with the increase of environment temperatures, the charging voltage decreased and the discharging voltage increased, nearly 6e8 mV per 15 C. Compared with the simulated results of VFB at high operation temperature zone and the experimental results of VFB at low operation temperature zone, the trends of temperature effect on the charge and discharge behavior are the same, the extends of voltage variation with temperature are different, mainly caused by the difference of geometry construction of VFB single cell
and operation parameters such as current density and environment
temperature. And the results indicate that VFB should operation at
a reasonable temperature windows, excessively high and low
temperature will lead to a performance deterioration.
T