research have given a promising idea for construction of large scale
MFCs and have brought the technology closer to real world applications.
MFC could be more feasible than conventional systems for
wastewater treatment prior irrigation. The technology has significant
potential to empower farmers and enhance water, energy and
food security.
Additional studies on nutrient removal by MFC are needed.
Testing the system on a pilot scale is essential before the application
of a full scale due to the limited number of developed models in the
literature and due to additional challenges such as unstable bacterial
biofilm and low power density when organic matter concentration
is low in wastewater. Techno-economic analysis for fullscale
MFC application is also needed to determine the appropriate
MFC configuration and operation for various wastewater sources.