Tarone, Cohen and Dumas (1976) when they published a paper on “a framework for
communication strategies”. They provided a framework in which the terminology of
the learners’ interlanguage was defined in order to represent categories of types of
interlanguage phenomena (p.4). They identified four types of CSs commonly found in
interlanguage: phonology, morphology, syntax and lexicon (p.5). By drawing on the
interlanguage system of second language learners, Varadi and Tarone, Cohen and
Dumas developed the framework and terminology of CSs which have been used as a
starting point for later research in CSs.