Abstract
This study examines reporting practices of a sample of foreign listed and domestic-only
listed companies from the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan and Australia to
determine the extent to which companies voluntarily use ‘‘international’’ standards. Two
types of use of non-national standards in the consolidated accounts presented to the public
are considered: adoption of ‘‘international’’ standards instead of national standards, and
supplementary use where ‘‘international’’ standards are used in conjunction with national
standards. ‘‘International’’ standards are defined as US GAAP or IAS (now IFRS). The
study tests for a preference for either set of standards and considers the relationship of choice
of regime with firm attributes.
The results show significant voluntary use of ‘‘international’’ standards in all five
countries and among foreign listed and domestic-only listed companies. Companies using
‘‘international’’ standards are likely to be larger, have more foreign revenue and to be listed
on one or more foreign stock exchanges. US GAAP is the predominant choice, but IAS are
used by many firms in Germany and some in Japan. Firms listed in the United States’
regulated markets (NYSE and NASDAQ) are more likely to choose US GAAP, but
companies traded in the OTC market often select IAS.
The study demonstrates for managers and regulators that there is considerable support
for ‘‘international’’ standards, and that choice of IAS or US GAAP relates to specific firm
characteristics which differ according to a firm’s country of origin. Most use of
‘‘international’’ standards reflects individual countries’ institutional frameworks, confirming
the key role of national regulators and standard setters in assisting companies to achieve
more comparable international reporting.
AbstractThis study examines reporting practices of a sample of foreign listed and domestic-onlylisted companies from the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan and Australia todetermine the extent to which companies voluntarily use ‘‘international’’ standards. Twotypes of use of non-national standards in the consolidated accounts presented to the publicare considered: adoption of ‘‘international’’ standards instead of national standards, andsupplementary use where ‘‘international’’ standards are used in conjunction with nationalstandards. ‘‘International’’ standards are defined as US GAAP or IAS (now IFRS). Thestudy tests for a preference for either set of standards and considers the relationship of choiceof regime with firm attributes.The results show significant voluntary use of ‘‘international’’ standards in all fivecountries and among foreign listed and domestic-only listed companies. Companies using‘‘international’’ standards are likely to be larger, have more foreign revenue and to be listedon one or more foreign stock exchanges. US GAAP is the predominant choice, but IAS areused by many firms in Germany and some in Japan. Firms listed in the United States’regulated markets (NYSE and NASDAQ) are more likely to choose US GAAP, butcompanies traded in the OTC market often select IAS.The study demonstrates for managers and regulators that there is considerable supportfor ‘‘international’’ standards, and that choice of IAS or US GAAP relates to specific firmcharacteristics which differ according to a firm’s country of origin. Most use of‘‘international’’ standards reflects individual countries’ institutional frameworks, confirmingthe key role of national regulators and standard setters in assisting companies to achievemore comparable international reporting.
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