Gluten is the substance that gives bread its structure, texture, and elasticity. Gluten is made up of two main groups of proteins: gliadins and glutenins. Without these proteins, it would not be possible to make bread with an acceptable texture. Gluten is developed in the dough when gliadins and glutenins absorb water and are pulled and stretched in the kneading process. As the proteins are worked, they become long, flexible strands. The yeast produces gases in the dough, mostly carbon dioxide. These strands trap the gas bubbles, and the dough rises before it is baked.