In many reading instruction programs, more emphasis and time may be
placed on testing reading comprehension than on teaching readers how to
comprehend. Monitoring comprehension is essential to successful reading.
Part of that monitoring process includes verifying that the predictions being
made are correct and checking that the reader is making the necessary adjustments
when meaning is not obtained.
Cognition can be defined as thinking. Metacognition can be defined as
thinking about our thinking. In order to teach for comprehension, it is my
belief that readers must monitor their comprehension processes and be able
to discuss with the teacher and/or fellow readers what strategies they use to
comprehend. By doing this, the readers use both their cognitive and metacognitive
skills.
Questioning the author, developed by Beck, McKeown, Hamilton, and
Kucan (1997), is an excellent technique for engaging students in meaningful
cognitive and metacognitive interactions with text and for assisting students
in the process of constructing meaning from text. Beck et al. emphasize that
this activity is to be done during the reading process, not after reading. The
approach requires that the teacher model the reading behavior of asking
questions in order to make sense of what is being read. Students learn to
engage with meaning and develop ideas rather than retrieve information
from the text. This particular technique is the kind of activity that teachers of
reading should engage the class in, rather than asking them to read a passage
and then testing reading comprehension of the material. Use of this approach
engages the teacher and readers in queries about the text as the material is
being read. Examples of queries include “What is the author trying to say
here? What is the author’s message? What is the author talking about? What
does the author mean here? Does the author explain this clearly?”
In many reading instruction programs, more emphasis and time may beplaced on testing reading comprehension than on teaching readers how tocomprehend. Monitoring comprehension is essential to successful reading.Part of that monitoring process includes verifying that the predictions beingmade are correct and checking that the reader is making the necessary adjustmentswhen meaning is not obtained.Cognition can be defined as thinking. Metacognition can be defined asthinking about our thinking. In order to teach for comprehension, it is mybelief that readers must monitor their comprehension processes and be ableto discuss with the teacher and/or fellow readers what strategies they use tocomprehend. By doing this, the readers use both their cognitive and metacognitiveskills.Questioning the author, developed by Beck, McKeown, Hamilton, andKucan (1997), is an excellent technique for engaging students in meaningfulcognitive and metacognitive interactions with text and for assisting studentsin the process of constructing meaning from text. Beck et al. emphasize thatthis activity is to be done during the reading process, not after reading. Theapproach requires that the teacher model the reading behavior of askingquestions in order to make sense of what is being read. Students learn toengage with meaning and develop ideas rather than retrieve informationfrom the text. This particular technique is the kind of activity that teachers ofreading should engage the class in, rather than asking them to read a passageand then testing reading comprehension of the material. Use of this approachengages the teacher and readers in queries about the text as the material isbeing read. Examples of queries include “What is the author trying to sayhere? What is the author’s message? What is the author talking about? Whatdoes the author mean here? Does the author explain this clearly?”
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