over glucose after passage through these three membranes were 3.37–11.22, 4.71–20.27, 4.32–16.45, and
4.05–16.84, respectively, at pH 5.0, an applied pressure of 1.5 or 2.0 MPa, and 25 C. The separation factors
of these fermentation inhibitors over xylose were infinite, as there was no permeation of xylose. Ethanol
production from approximately two-times concentrated liquid hydrolysate using recombinant
S. cerevisiae was double (5.34–6.44 g L–1) that compared with fermentation of liquid hydrolysate before
membrane separation (2.75 g L–1).