Resistant starch is a nutritional ingredient commonly used as the dietary fiber in bread making. Dough with partial substitution of wheat flour by resistant starch was submitted to the baking performance test and a combination of enzymes that allows acceptable baking performance was found. Therefore, in order to obtain a high-quality product, dough formulation was adjusted by adding three different enzymes (transglutaminase, glucose-oxidase and xylanase) to overcome the gluten dilution.
The optimum formulation showed stickiness, work of adhesion, cohesiveness, hardness, resilience, resistance to extension and extensibility similar to the regular dough (produced without resistant starch or enzymes) and statistically different from control dough (produced with resistant starch and without enzymes). In bread making, the partial substitution of WF by RS resulted in higher crumb firmness and lighter crust, while enzymes accelerated the aging process. A tendency was observed that optimum formulation was more similar to regular regarding bread specific volume and preference. It was concluded that the enzymes tested improved the characteristics of dough with RS.
Table 3
Specific volume (y), crumb firmness (Fc), crumb and crust color parameters (L*, a* and b*) and the Friedman test statistic (Qk) for the attribute preference obtained from bread quality tests of pan bread produced from control, optimum and regular formulations.