Coping refers to “the cognitive and behavioral
efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the internal
and external demands that are created by the stressful
transaction" (Folkman, 1984, p. 840). Moos
(1993) made an effort to present a multidimensional
model of coping responses that emphasizes the
focus and the method of coping. The focus of coping
refers to the individual’s orientation towards
the problem (approach versus avoidance). Under
the focus perspective, people can make active efforts
to resolve the problems and adapt themselves
to stressors (approach coping) or try to avoid the
problem and concentrate efforts on managing the
emotion generated by the conflict (avoidance coping).
The method of coping refers to cognitive
and behavioral efforts that are individual makes in
order to master or resolve stressors. Under the
method perspective, people can employ cognitive
or behavioral efforts to approach or avoid the stressor.
The combination of two types of focus of
coping (approach versus avoidance) and two types
of method of coping (cognitive versus behavioral)
forms eight coping response strategies. Approach
Coping includes: (a) Logical Analysis which involves
gaining insight on a stressor; (b) Positive
Reappraisal which requires positively reframing
perception of a stressor; (c) Seeking Guidance
which entails obtaining support from significant