Later, Stock and Lambert (2001) reported that reverse logistics is
the field of business logistics that aims to add economic and
environmental values to end-of-life industrial goods enabling their
reintegration into products’ life cycle as secondary materials.
However, Nikolaou et al. (in Press) highlighted that there is no
consensus regarding the concept of reverse logistics yet, but the
most well-known definition is “the process of planning, implementing
and controlling flows of raw materials, in process inventory,
and finished goods, from a manufacturing, distribution or use
point, to a point of recovery or point of proper disposal”. This
definition was given by the European Working Group on Reverse
Logistics and is similar to the concept established by The Council of
Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP, 2012), “that part
of supply chain management that plans, implements, and controls
the efficient, effective forward and reverses flow and storage of
goods, services and related information between the point of origin
and the point of consumption in order to meet customers’
requirements”.