If we take the data at face value, another explanation of the weak relation
between parents' involvement and positive affect toward subjects and school at large,
valuing subjects and self-concept. Education in Saudi Arabia is new phenomenon
and many parents have low level of education. Level of education has been found to
mediate the relation between parents' involvement and affect and achievement
(Oostdam & Hooge, 2013). Oostdam & Hooge (2013) cited studies finding that
direct parents' involvement in subject like mathematics led to negative effect