. Energy consumption from fossil fuels results in GHGE
of 60–165 kg CO2 equivalent per ton of collected straw.
The cost of straw collection, which ranged from
US$12 to US$18 per ton of straw in the MD, accounted for 10–20% of the total investment cost of biogas or
mushroom production. This study illustrated the feasibility of the mechanization of rice straw collection