Hung et al. [21] developed a general framework for community participation behavior in tourism development. They applied the MOA model to test the efficacy of an integrative model for community participation behavior in tourism. From their study, they found public's motivation for participation, their ability and their opportunity to participate are the three necessary antecedents of community participation; and they also found that situational factors affect levels of participation. In the Social marketing context, this motivation, ability and opportunity (MOA) framework was applied by Rothschild [28] to measure expected behavior. According to their study, segmentation in social marketing was done based on motivation, ability and opportunity whereas ‘wish to act’ was defined as motivation, skills or expertise was defined as ability and the lack of environmental barriers to action was identified as opportunity in the position of behaving in the expected way.