One of the assumptions in our model is that chemical pulp is
produced in non-integrated mills This assumption might result in
relatively high energy use for this type of pulp. Not only is an extra
transport step required in chains with non-integrated mills, also
the pulp needs an extra drying step. Other differences may appear
depending on the type of integrated mill. The impact of transport
on the total results is assumed to be small, but the heat use for
drying pulp might be considerable. In our analysis, we have modelled
a scenario with reduced heat consumption in the production
of printing and writing paper. The results show that process energy
decreased with less than 2 GJ/t over the life-cycle. This is a decrease
of only 5% of and does not qualitatively change our results. Given
the diverse types of integrated mills, however, results cannot be
adopted to integrated mills without further analysis.